Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive damage to retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve, which can lead to irreversible vision loss.
An increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) is not a direct etiopathogenetic factor, but it represents the main risk factor and a key element in the progression of glaucoma.
In addition to ocular hypertension, oxidative stress, microvascular disorders, and impairment of neuroprotective mechanisms also contribute to retinal damage.

